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Wednesday, September 2, 2020
Analysisng the Print Media Coverage of Birtish Football Players Essay
Breaking down the print media inclusion of expert football players: British magazines and paper inclusion of female players and authorities in the womenââ¬â¢s super association and females in football. Presentation The accompanying examination investigations inclusion of womenââ¬â¢s football and ladies associated with football in both broadly and privately circulated magazines and papers. The focal point of the exploration takes a gander at how the columnists allude and portray the womenââ¬â¢s execution through meetings, writerââ¬â¢s sections and match reports, it is a drawn out examination taking a gander at information from October 1995 until the current day. With the ongoing presentation of a womenââ¬â¢s super class and the current head association, the vast majority of the information spins around these alliances, despite the fact that there are additionally meets with authorities engaged with administering the menââ¬â¢s game. The examination found a very inconsistent equalization in inclusion among men and womenââ¬â¢s sport, especially football. At the point when it was highlighted in a progressively broad crowd magazine, for example, Four Two or You magazine, there was frequently reference to the womenââ¬â¢s appearance, accomplices and family life, just as the manââ¬â¢s game. Then again in coordinate reports included in group explicit distributions, for example, programs and fanzines there was many less references to the male game and a more noteworthy spotlight on aptitude and execution. Philosophy Data assortment The magazines and paper articles gathered originated from generally flowed distributions including the Liverpool football club magazine, Four Two magazine and You magazine an enhancement distribution from the Mail on Sunday. The crowd for these magazines are nonexclusive and not pointed especially at one sexual orientation, in spite of the fact that this isn't to imply that the two sexes are similarly prone to understand it. The game explicit magazines are for the most part centered around menââ¬â¢s football and representatively more men look into football and are probably going to purchase the magazine. Anyway it highlights articles about womenââ¬â¢s sport. With the ongoing presentation of the womenââ¬â¢s super class the focal point of a significant part of the in the more contemporary articles has been on this, anyway there are articles from 1995 until the current day. Testing The information was browsed a choice of distributions that had been gathered from 1995 until 2011, the articles that highlighted womenââ¬â¢s football were found and the ones that had adequate data about the group and the games they were engaged with instead of just referenced or the apparatuses were utilized. The articles dominatingly contained Liverpool women, despite the fact that England, Everton and Chelsea groups were taken a gander at alongside a meeting with a female authority. The restrictions of the example are that the vast majority of the inclusion originates from Liverpoolââ¬â¢s coordinate day program and given the poor start of the womenââ¬â¢s season there has just been ongoing inclusion of the flow season. Likewise there are just generally scarcely any articles in the distributions and the assortment was not comprehensive so a few articles may have been absent from the document, especially away games and a while issues of Four Two. Information examination After the information was gathered it was perused and a substance investigation was done, taking a gander at lexis decisions, tone and demeanor of the essayist towards the female competitors and authorities. Focal points and subjects were featured in the articles, especially the location of the female competitors, reference to the menââ¬â¢s game, and any sexual references. In articles containing interviews the inquiries put to the footballers were taken a gander at for questioner inclination taking a gander at any plan the author may have for introducing the womanââ¬â¢s game. The articles are in the informative supplements. Investigation Looking at the names of the groups associated with womenââ¬â¢s chief alliance and super class is maybe the most evident type of enslavement inside football. Names, for example, ââ¬ËMillwall Lionessesââ¬â¢, ââ¬ËDoncaster Rover Bellesââ¬â¢ (LFC program eleventh April) and ââ¬ËLeeds City Vixensââ¬â¢ are a piece of the womenââ¬â¢s football alliance even the national group are known as the ââ¬Ëthree Lionessesââ¬â¢ (You magazine eleventh March) or the Australian national group ââ¬Ëthe Matildasââ¬â¢ (Four Two Oct 07). Different groups who simply have the names of male football crew names, for example, Everton are known ââ¬ËEverton ladiesââ¬â¢, the name of the groups, albeit some may simply be epithets as opposed to authentic class names, put ladies in a lower position than men. Given that the sport of football isn't normally gendered, it's anything but a male game, the possibility that there is a need to separate they are female groups is very astounding. In articles, for example, the Echo article from the 21st April, there is just an underlying reference to sexual orientation in the feature ââ¬ËDowie salvages a point for prevailing ladiesââ¬â¢ to forestall any disarray with the male group however all through the remainder of the meeting, it is impartial and essentially alludes to the players as individuals from the group, with references, for example, ââ¬Ëthe Toffeesââ¬â¢ or basically just ââ¬ËEvertonââ¬â¢. In different magazines, for example, LFC week by week from the twelfth April when discussing the beginning of the new season in womenââ¬â¢s football, the essayist alludes to the groups sex multiple times, 24 references to ââ¬Ëladiesââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëwomenââ¬â¢ multiple times. In the event that the sex had been expressed toward the start of the article, at that point there would be little motivation to keep referencing the sex over and again all through. The Everton program from eleventh December 2004 (LFC VS EFC) the womenââ¬â¢s group is alluded to as ââ¬Ëthe Girls in Blueââ¬â¢, the word young ladies is normally used to portray a youthful female which invokes thoughts of freshness and adolescence. Anyway in this occurrence it doesn't give the idea that is the scholars expectation to infer the ladies are any not exactly the best, after all Everton are one of the reliably best performing womenââ¬â¢s group and it is in actuality the main reference in the article about sex. It is more probable for this situation, only a figure of speech adjusting the slang reference to police as the young men dressed in blue, McLoughlin (2000) took a gander at how magazines the journalists desires for ladies get through the content about what is acknowledged conduct for ladies to do, football is still genuinely beyond reach to ladies. Eventually this will have some control over the peruser who may feel strain to comply with standards in the media. All through practically the entirety of the articles the female players are alluded to as women, in spite of the fact that the rivalries are the womenââ¬â¢s super alliance and womenââ¬â¢s head class when the particular groups are referenced they are known as the ââ¬Ëladiesââ¬â¢ for instance ââ¬ËLiverpool ladiesââ¬â¢ (LFC program tenth Jan 98). This is a case of asymmetry not absolutely as a result of the utilization of little women yet in addition the need to separate from the male game. No doubt it is normalizing football as a male game as Liverpool men or some other group would not be alluded to as Liverpool respectable men, Janet Holmes likewise took a gander at the stacked implications of the word women in her 2000 investigation. Honorable men is the antonym of women which invokes the pictures of heroism and customary thoughts of sex, male ootball players could never be alluded to as this as these are not the pictures that are wanted for playing football, there will be proof of regard and sportsmanship yet it is an opposition and a physical game that has some degree of controlled hostility and furious intensity. However the ladies are alluded to as women, this evokes pictures of a held, delicate more attractive sex, anyway they are similarly as equipped for playing a hard material game. Hence the program from October 1995 ââ¬Ëladies battle backââ¬â¢, title is right around an ironic expression as women and battling are not perfect pictures. While a women's activist may disapprove of the reference to womenââ¬â¢s football as women, given the setting no doubt authors are making an effort not to disparage ladies by utilizing it and it would show up the ladies they are alluding to are glad to be known as that, or most likely at this point the resilient ladies in the game would have planned something for have this changed. Later in a similar program the separation is additionally noted when the columnist composes ââ¬Ëfirst-ever womenââ¬â¢s derby match to be played at our well known stadiumââ¬â¢, it is a typical component that adolescent groups play defining moments at Anfield even tributes with male big names, yet it is made to be a respect at the idea of a womenââ¬â¢s game happening there, what is exacerbated is the portrayal of the ground ââ¬Ëour celebrated stadiumââ¬â¢, this gives the impression it is exclusively for the menââ¬â¢s group, the fanââ¬â¢s, the essayist, nearly everybody aside from the womenââ¬â¢s group, who should feel advantaged to play at the ground. Messner and Duncan (1993) accept that sport media are careful about changing the inclusion of womenââ¬â¢s sport as it would challenge the male authority, this is additionally upheld by Hardin, Lynn and Walsdorf (2005) and Curry, Arriagada and Cornwell (2002). With the acknowledgment of womenââ¬â¢s football by FIFA just occurring in 1991 as indicated by the October 2007 Four Two meeting with the England group, the female game is still particularly developing. Anyway ladies have been having football and taking influence in sport for quite a long time. By featuring this is just ââ¬Ëthe second world cup England have qualified forââ¬â¢. He is raising the issue that the game was as of late perceived at this point detracting from the womenââ¬â¢s accomplishments by raising the point that they hadnââ¬â¢t qualified commonly previously. As it is expressed further in the magazine they need to adjust ââ¬Ëhaving all day employments and planning for the greatest competition of your livesââ¬â¢, it is not really astounding that they don't qualify as of
Saturday, August 22, 2020
The wars affect on civilization :: essays research papers
This paper is about stuff I think minimal about. I'm eally simply riting this so I can get some stuff for myself. I plan on making commitments to this site sometime in the not too distant future. With respect to now, I will simply type this to access the site. As you hav saw I put one space after each finish of sentence period, albeit most normal composing books instruct you to utilize two. That is a lot of hooey. Well I don't have the foggiest idea what number of words I have yet I need my report detail cuz it's expected tomorrow. In this way, with no further ado, I end my phony exposition by saying, farewell. What's up with this paper? Didn't I put enough words in it? It appears as though culture and society are words I can use to make my enlistment complete. It might be that it is excessively short. Or on the other hand I probably won't use words like investigation or news-casting. Some different things it could be are they realize this whole report isn't genuine. So consequently, two out of three isn't terrible. Thusly I will make this long as could reasonably be expected. Obviously you are not really hitched. Hold up! I state. This paper must be 250 words or more. I don't get it. This is the third time I took a stab at sending it and shockingly it's not long enough. What more would i be able to do? It's extreme composing papers like this man.The correspondences connections of the Internet are likewise possessed and kept up in a similar anarchic manner as the hosts. Every proprietor of an Internet have is liable for finding and paying for a correspondences interface that will get that have connected to in any event one other host. Interchanges connections might be as straightforward as a telephone line, a remote information connection, for example, cell advanced bundle information, or as convoluted as a fast fiber optic connection. For whatever length of time that the interchanges connection can utilize TCP/IP or UUCP, it can fit into the Internet. Subsequently the net develops with no general coordination. Another proprietor of an Internet have need just get authorization to integrate with one interchanges connect to one other host. On the other hand, if the supplier of the correspondences interface chooses this host is, for instance, an asylum for spammers, it can cut this ââ¬Å"rogue siteâ⬠off of the Internet. The rebel website at that point must snooker some different interchanges connect into integrating it with the Internet once more.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Casual analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Easygoing examination - Essay Example In spite of the fact that researchers need to cause us to accept that incipient organisms are not people, they have done investigations to show that improvement of people begins from preparation to adulthood. This delineates however undeveloped organisms may not be objective, they speak to a phase through which all people must pass and without which no human would be in presence (Family Research Council Web). Human early stage undifferentiated organism investigate is a disputable issue not simply in United States in all countries where researchers have endeavored to look for government subsidizing for the exploration. President Bush restricted government subsidizing on immature microorganism investigate including human incipient organism. Be that as it may, regardless of the discussions encompassing the human undeveloped foundational microorganism examine, President Obama lifted the boycott permitting research in human early stage undifferentiated organism to be supported by governme nt. This paper contends that the lifting of the restriction on early stage undifferentiated organism inquire about was mistaken since early stage undeveloped cell research will bring about negative impacts. Moreover, the paper will exhibit how government financing, state subsidizing, and banters on the media have empowered continuation of early stage undifferentiated organism examine independent of the few negative effects related with the examination. Human early stage undifferentiated cell look into is an examination that includes control of immature microorganism removed from an undeveloped organism. For the cells to be extricated, the undeveloped organism must be annihilated. Jamie Thomson started the early stage undifferentiated cell look into in 1998. The exploration includes expulsion of early stage cells from an incipient organism and refined them in the lab for look into on human sicknesses (ââ¬Å"The Witherspoon Council on Ethics and the Integrity of Scienceâ⬠129-13 3). The cells are favored by researchers because of their incredible ability to form into various body cells. Since its beginning, undeveloped foundational microorganism look into has exasperated genuine contentions in the political, moral, and strict fields. In any case, undifferentiated organism investigate is wide and it includes utilization of grown-up immature microorganisms just as early stage undeveloped cells. The utilization of grown-up undifferentiated cells isn't dubious since it doesn't include dehumanizing acts. The primary debate is that the early stage undifferentiated cell look into includes giving up of human life, which is dishonest since the incipient organisms utilized for the exploration don't endure (Family Research Council Web; James 8-9; Robertson 193-195). Each logical examination is required to follow certain moral standards. One such standard is that it should progress in the direction of raising the human nobility. If there should arise an occurrence of e arly stage undifferentiated cell investigate, there is extraordinary dismissal for human life. The contention that an incipient organism can't be viewed as a human has just been objected by cloning, which has demonstrated that life starts at origination. Subsequently, treating undeveloped organisms that are beneath fourteen days old as non-people is unscrupulous. The pre-incipient organism and post undeveloped organism differentiations utilized by early stage foundational microorganism specialists to approve their practices isn't reasonable (ââ¬Å"The Witherspoon Council on Ethics and the Integrity of Scienceâ⬠132-135). The undifferentiated cell inquire about is encircled by numerous moral inquiries. The primary moral inquiry respects the ethical quality of decimating human undeveloped organisms that have the capability of forming into free creatures. In spite of the fact that supporters of this examination contend that the incipient organisms utilized for explore are not got ten from the human uterus yet delivered in the labs, the exploration is as yet exploitative. Making life to wreck it is wrong (Family Research
Tuesday, May 26, 2020
Anorexia Essay Introduction - Getting To The Heart Of Anorexia
Anorexia Essay Introduction - Getting To The Heart Of AnorexiaAnorexia essay introduction, the onset of anorexia can be a dread experience for the sufferer, so this article will aim to tell you what anorexia is and what you can do about it. There are many myths about anorexia, and it's a good idea to have a look at some of them to help you understand more about the condition.One of the myths about anorexia is that anorexia occurs because of the individual's excessive fear of weight gain. This isn't quite true as anorexia can start from small things such as being afraid of being teased at school or by peers, as well as other minor problems. The point is that while anorexia can be triggered by these smaller issues, the fact is that people with anorexia will always have a fear of gaining weight.Another myth about anorexia is that people with anorexia go on dieting trips when they don't really need to be. The truth is that there is a large percentage of anorexics who have no need to go o n a dieting trip or to attempt to lose weight. It's far more likely that they feel bad about themselves because they are worried about their looks and appearance, and they try to compensate for their self-esteem issues by reducing food intake.The last myth about anorexia is that anorexia can happen in adolescence. This myth is true in the sense that there are certain behaviors during the teenage years which are commonly considered the beginnings of anorexia, but these behaviors are not that uncommon, and if you find yourself being self-conscious about your body, whether through excessive eating or other related issues, you may want to seek the advice of a health professional at this time.Anorexia can be cured, but it's not like most diseases, where once the disease has been diagnosed, there's a one-step cure that the sufferer can rely on. However, the best way to treat anorexia is by understanding what causes it, learning how to overcome the effects of the disease, and then preventi ng it from reoccurring.As mentioned above, it's not uncommon for people with anorexia to have anxiety issues and distress. This could lead to them becoming depressed, but you can't expect to cure anorexia by curing the problem at its cause.By taking a close look at anorexia, you'll be able to identify what's happening, what you can do to avoid it happening again, and what steps you need to take to get rid of it for good. Having an understanding of what anorexia is and why it happens is vital, and the best way to accomplish this is by going over anorexia essay introduction.
Saturday, May 16, 2020
Make Your Own Crystal Geode
Natural geodes are hollow rock formations that contain deposits of crystals. Assuming you dont have a geological timeframe to obtain a geode and dont want to buy a geode kit, its easy to make your own crystal geode using alum, food coloring, and either plaster of Paris or an eggshell. Crystal Geode Materials Alum (found with spices in the grocery store)Hot waterFood coloring (optional)Plaster of Paris (found in hobby shops) or an eggshell Prepare the Geode There are a couple of ways you can go here. You can crack open an egg and use the rinsed shell as a base for your geode or you can prepare a plaster of Paris rock: First, you need a rounded shape in which you can mold your hollow rock. The bottom of one of the depressions in a foam egg carton works great. Another option is to set a piece of plastic wrap inside of a coffee cup or paper cup.Mix a small amount of water in with some plaster of Paris to make a thick paste. If you happen to have a couple of seed crystals of alum, you can stir them into the plaster mixture. Seed crystals can be used to provide nucleation sites for the crystals, which can produce a more natural-looking geode.Press the plaster of Paris against the sides and bottom of the depression to make a bowl shape. Use plastic wrap if the container is rigid, so that its easier to remove the plaster.Allow about 30 minutes for the plaster to set up, then remove it from the mold and set it aside to finish drying. If you used plastic wrap, peel it off after you pull the plaster geode out of the container. Grow Crystals Pour about a half cup of hot tap water into a cup.Stir in alum until it stops dissolving. This occurs when a little alum powder starts to accumulate at the bottom of the cup.Add food coloring, if desired. Food coloring does not color the crystals, but it does color the eggshell or plaster, which causes the crystals to appear colored.Set your eggshell or plaster geode inside a cup or bowl. You are aiming for a container that is a size such that the alum solution will just cover the top of the geode.Pour the alum solution into the geode, allowing it to overflow into the surrounding container and eventually cover the geode. Avoid pouring in any undissolved alum.Set the geode in a location where it wont be disturbed. Allow a few days for the crystals to grow.When you are pleased with the appearance of your geode, remove it from the solution and allow it to dry. You can pour the solution down the drain. The alum is essentially a pickling spice, so while it isnt exactly good for you to eat , it isnt toxic either.Keep your geode beautiful by protecting it from high humidity and dust. You can store it wrapped in a paper towel or tissue paper or inside of a display case.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
English And English Linguistic Imperialism - 977 Words
In contemporary society, there is an increasing number of people speaking English and there has been much discussion on the issue of whether English users are the victims of linguistic imperialism. Historically, English was regarded as a lingua franca and it has the same function nowadays (Kachru, 1985, cited in Jenkins, 2014). In addition, linguistic imperialism is related to English in this essay. Although English users could profit from the spread of English and ââ¬ËEnglish linguistic imperialismââ¬â¢ indeed brings some advantages, some others still hold the view that English users are victims of this trend to some extent. This essay will demonstrate that in spite of the risks of speaking English cannot be ignored, there are also several benefits brought out by ââ¬ËEnglish linguistic imperialismââ¬â¢. In other words, this essay will show that English users are not victims of English linguistic imperialism to some extent. One of the main reasons which interprets globalisation of English is advantageous is English providing some opportunities for international students. According to Bolton (2011), the significance of globalisation of English cannot be neglected. Meantime, the growth of English medium instruction is rapid, which is possibly the main driving force behind ELF. That is to say, it seems that English is important in the teaching process, especially in universities. For example, Jenkins (2014) suggests that a plenty of international students could communicate with each otherShow MoreRelatedA Critical Analysis of Liguistic Imperialism Essay628 Words à |à 3 PagesIntroduction English has become one of the major languages of the world, and it can be an agent of linguistic imperialism (Phillipson, 1992). This review will offer a critique of the of the 1992 book, Linguistic Imperialism, published by New York: Oxford University Press. The author, Robert Phillipson, is a research professor at Copenhagen Business Schools Department of English. Through the examination of this article, it can be confirmed that Phillipson has accurately described the existingRead MoreWhat Is Your Opinion of The Spread of English in the World Today?1137 Words à |à 5 PagesThe usage of English language by people is common in every part of the world. Nowadays there are lots of people interested in English reading and speaking. According to Hung (2009), the world was in need of a common language at the end of the 19th century to communicate and they believed that this common langurage should be among the natural languages that existed at that time. So among other languages English seemed to be more suited to the world language (Hung, 2009). Since English has now becomeRead MoreLinguistic imperialism in Brazil Essays1349 Words à |à 6 PagesLinguistic imperialism is a concept used by scholar Robert Phillipson, he mostly spoke about the imperialism of the English language, although this concept can be applied to all the worldââ¬â¢s major international languages with imperialistic origins, when the original population had to adopt the invaderââ¬â¢s language because of the benefits that accrue to the speakers of the languages when the dominant language has been imposed (Phillipson 31). Linguistic imperialism in Latin America started with the ââ¬Ëdiscoveryââ¬â¢Read MoreEssay on The End of the Cold War1634 Words à |à 7 Pagesfostering in people a growing awareness of deepening connections between the local and the distantââ¬â¢ (Sterger, 2005, p.13). Despite Stergerââ¬â¢s optimism, globalisation ââ¬â in its primal literary sense ââ¬â is purely a euphemism for western cultural and linguistic imperialism. Indeed, globalisation, as the apparent integration of global cultures, exists along with its imperialist antithesis: the prevalence of fragmentation in many areas of the same world (Owolabi, 2001). Simply put, globalisation is not a neutralRead MoreInfluence Of Language And Power On The Formation Of Identity Essay784 Words à |à 4 Pagesdiscussion of English as a World language, the most dominant language in the world. In relations to world Englishes, Kachru, (1997) proposed three circles: Inner, Outer, and Expanding circle. The inner circle refers to norm providing with 375 million native speakers. It refers to the countries where English is spoken as the primary language of majority of the populations (ENL). Kachru (1997) emphasizes that UK, USA, New Zealand, Canada and Australia are the countries where English is spoken as aRead MoreEffects Of Globalisation On English Lingua Franca Essay1743 Words à |à 7 PagesIn a globalizing world, where language governs our society extensively the dominance of English has effects on linguistic and communicative inequality between native and non-native speakers (Tsuda, 1999). Research on globalisation argues strong evidence that English is the lingua franca or international language and communication of today. But to what extent has globalisation progressed through language? And how has this discourse been linked to provide social, economic, political and technologicalRead MoreLinguistic Imperialism5792 Words à |à 24 PagesThe Linguistic imperialism of Robert Phillipson 1. Linguistic Imperialism 1.1 The spread of English The stated aim of Phillipsonââ¬â¢s 1992 book Linguistic Imperialism was to set out how English became so dominant and why, and to examine the role ELT pedagogy had in contributing to it becoming ââ¬Å"the international language par excellence in which the fate of most of the worlds millions is decided.â⬠(Phillipson 1992 p.6) While many writers had tackled the question before no one had done so fromRead MoreEnglish As An International Lingua Franca Essay2287 Words à |à 10 PagesEnglish today is regarded as an international lingua franca. It is a universal language for business, trade, technology and entertainment. With its pervasive presence which can be felt most in worldwide culture and media, in many countries, Singapore, for instance, are confronting with the issue that local indigenous languages and the diversity of linguistic and ethnic identity are in a dangerous situation. By having English as its official language and to copy with that, local government in Singap oreRead MoreThe Effect Of Globalisation On Language Essay1747 Words à |à 7 Pageslanguage, the English language has become a lingua franca, also known as a ââ¬Ëglobal languageââ¬â¢ (Dewey, 2007). With English becoming the de facto international language a rise in linguistic hegemony has also occurred. This essay critiques two scholarly articles, which explain the effects of globalisation on language. Each article examines English as the lingua franca. The content of the articles is then compared and contrasted to identify related and conflicting views on the globalisation of English. OneRead MoreConvenience And Association When Talking With One Another1598 Words à |à 7 Pagesand/or acceptance is an extremely dangerous practice since it puts one ethnic group higher than the other. Although subtle, it is a form of linguistic imperialism. Linguistic imperialism defined as, the transfer of a dominant language to other people (Phillipson 300) Favoring one name because it is in English promotes the idea that anything contrary to English is inferior. Koranne further explains how something as simple as ââ¬Å"white-washingâ⬠names is a form of identity erasure. ââ¬Å"The erasure of personal
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Business Law Amount of Compensation
Question: Describe about the Business Law for Amount of Compensation. Answer: Part 1 Recognition of contract enforcement indicators For the purpose of assessment, a case has been made up where the amount of compensation is 200% of the per capita income of the country or $5000. In this case compensation is awarded to the seller, as his quality of goods were satisfactory as per the court, an the buyer had not made any appeal against the decision There are mainly five contract enforcement indicators based on which the ease of doing economy is assessed. Court structure and proceedings Case management Court automation Alternative dispute resolution Judicial process quality With respect to court, structure and proceedings points are added and deducted based on the presence and absence of features like, commercial courts, small claim and fast track courts, female testimony acknowledgement and pretrial asset attachment. It is provided with an index of 0-5. Case management of a court is assessed by awarding points based on the, time regulation, number of adjournments, performance management of courts, pretrial case meetings and use of electronic case management by lawyers. It is provided with an index of 0-6. Court automation is assessed by awarding points based on electronic complaint filing, serving starting complain electronically, payment of fees electronically and electronic publication of judgments. It is provided with an index of 0-4. Alternative dispute resolution is measured by consolidate law governing of domestic commercial arbitration, types of disputes which can be submitted through arbitration, voluntary mediation and financial benefits for parties agreeing to mediation. It is provided with an index of 0-3. Finally, all this is added together for the assessment of the overall functioning of the courts with respect to automation, case management, court structure and capabilities of solving disputes using an alternative procedure. This is measured in an index of 0-18 under quality of judicial process. Benefits of the Indicators: The maintenance of specific courts to deal with commercial case can help the support the judiciary to become more effective. Specific courts for commercial activities, which help the business, get results with respect to judicial proceeding within a short time. The specialization of court in one aspect (commercial activities) of law promotes the uniform application of law in all cases (Moustafa 2014). Simple procedures with respect to small claims in commercial activities increase the trust of business organizations in the judicial system. These small claims court not only provide judgment within a short period but also are cost effective. They also help the other courts by reducing the number of cases with respect to minor claims. These courts have simple procedure and conduct their proceedings informally, which makes it very easy for the business organizations. The case management system of courts not only improves the efficiency with respect to processing but also increases the control of the court over the cases. If the case management system of the court is effective, it will automatically reflect on the record-keeping, reduced case blockage, prompt action and give accurate information about the allotment of time and resources. This effective management system will also lead prediction of court events, which will eventually increase the courts accountability and increased enterprises trust in the judicial system (Schultz and Mitchenson 2016). Principles such as early intervention of courts, establishment of time framework, submission of final judgment, filing of plea and creating real schedules and expectations will increase the efficiency of the courts and help the business enterprises to receive fast and accurate solutions. The features such as electronically filing complaint, evidence, payment of fees and reading of judgments rapidly increases the speed of the process involved in the processing of a lawsuit. In addition, the records, which are provided electronically, are very easy to access and are more reliable as compared to physical records. This also helps in reducing the chances of corruption within the court by minimizing physical interaction in the process. The feature of automation in courts also helps the business with reducing the cost of court procedure with respect to court visits and reproduction cost (Lucena et al. 2014). Alternative dispute resolution is a system the court involves process like mediation and arbitration to solve the disputes related to commercial activity (Moore 2014). In this case, the parties submit the matter to an independent arbitrator and he awards a final binding decision, which is binding on both the parties. This system of with respect to solving disputes in a different way is not taken as an alternative to regular litigation, but as a guide for courts to make quick and effective judgments. This also allows the parties to have an increased control over the matter and in most of the cases lead to more satisfaction with respect to the result (Weston 2012). Critical analysis Court Structure and proceedings: The structure of the judicial system of the country has a huge impact on the ease of enforcing contract with respect to small and medium business enterprises in the country. The non-availability of specialized commercial courts in a country will make the litigation process involved in commercial activities costly and time consuming. The non-availability of specialized commercial courts can also lead to the enforcement of commercial law in a non-uniform manner and could be very stressful for the small and medium business enterprises within the country. A specialized commercial court within a country is very essential for the ease of doing business in that country and for enforcing contracts (Flango and Clarke 2014). If small claims courts are not available in the country, the small and medium business enterprises will have to approach the main court for small and minor issues and eventually they will face problems such as high cost and more time involved in judicial proceedings. This also affects the trust of the business enterprises in the judicial system of the country, as they will be confident enough about taking minor claims to for long and expensive judicial proceedings. For Example, In Peru the commercial court made to address commercial activities has been in the lime light for solving commercial disputes within a year. Automation of court: Judicial proceedings involve many regulations with respect to paper work, evidence, complaint and fees. The complexity involved with these proceeding make it very difficult for the small and medium business enterprises to comply with them. Moreover the cost and time involved in judicial proceedings increases even more when the parties have to travel to court frequently for judicial proceedings and submission of different fees. This problem can be solved to significant extent by the introduction of an automatic and electronic system with respect to filing complaints, payment of fees and evidence (Andrews 2012). In addition, there are high chances of corruption and evidence tampering in the judicial systems, which are not, automated. The physical interaction of peoples provides for corruption and may lead to inappropriate judicial proceedings (Saman and Haider 2013). The evidence and documents available electronically are very easy to access as compared to the physical documents. This system save the precious time and money of the small and medium enterprises by letting them submit complaints and pay fees from their offices itself. The absence of automatic transfer of cases randomly to judges also increases speculation among the small and medium enterprises and decreases their trust and belief in the judicial system. This system also makes the judgments made by the courts available to the public so that they can use it as a reference towards their disputes and activities (Mukherjee et al. 2013). Part 2 Research Type and Problems The researcher for conducting this research had gone through the various processes with respect to proceedings of the courts. The researcher has use secondary data collection method for the purpose of this research with the help of journals, books and news articles. This method has been used by the researcher because, for a vast topic like procedure of courts with respect to contract enforcements detailed study of the proceedings of the court is required which can be only done by an in-depth analysis of books and articles related to court proceedings. The researcher has used both qualitative and quantitative data analysis method for conducting this research. Qualitative data analysis has been done to analyze the data with respect to theoretical court proceedings, analyzing case management system and the alternative dispute solving methods (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). The quantitative analysis of data had been done by the researcher with respect to quantitative data such as perc entage of cases, percentage of enterprises availing judicial proceedings, time and cost involved in a judicial proceeding. The research has also used primary data for the purpose of this research by interviews of a few local small and medium enterprises representatives (Bryman and Bell 2015). The researcher has faced various problems in conducting this research. The availability of court data in relation to proceeding, judgments and process involved in the court was a major issue. The access to these data was also prohibited in certain cases. The researcher also faced problems in analyzing contradictive data with respect to contract enforcement, as many incorrect statistics are available in this case. The researcher also faced problems is accessing the automation of courts, as the details available in this respect were not adequate. The process involved in visiting different courts in the city was also an issue for the researcher as it consumed a lot of time and caused budgetary problems. References: Andrews, N., 2012. Introduction. InThe Three Paths of Justice(pp. 1-23). Springer Netherlands. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015.Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. de Lucena Neto, C.S., de Oliveira, A.S.G. and da Silva, V.C.R., 2014. THE REFLECTS OF LAWSUIT AUTOMATION IN A LABOUR COURT AND IN A COMMON JUSTICE COURT IN THE STATE OF PARABA, BRAZIL: A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY.Law Technology,47(2), p.1. Flango, V.E. and Clarke, T.M., 2014.Reimagining Courts. Temple University Press. Moore, C.W., 2014.The mediation process: Practical strategies for resolving conflict. John Wiley Sons. Moustafa, T., 2014. Law and Courts in Authoritarian Regimes.Annual Review of Law and Social Science,10, pp.281-299. Mukherjee, A., Ray, S., Maity, U., Talukder, P. and De, P., 2013, June. Law And Order Automation. InInternational Journal of Engineering Research and Technology(Vol. 2, No. 5 (May-2013)). ESRSA Publications. Saman, W.S.W.M. and Haider, A., 2013, July. E-court: Information and communication technologies for civil court management. In2013 Proceedings of PICMET'13: Technology Management in the IT-Driven Services (PICMET)(pp. 2296-2304). IEEE. Saman, W.S.W.M. and Haider, A., 2013. E-Court: Technology Diffusion in Court Management. InAMCIS. Schultz, T. and Mitchenson, J., 2016. Navigating Sovereignty and Transnational Commercial Law: The Use of Comity by Australian Courts.Journal of Private International Law,12(2). Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015.Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Weston, M., 2012. The Death of Class Arbitration After Concepcion?.Kansas Law Review,60.
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